Что такое модальный глагол в пассивном залоге?
Это сочетание модального глагола (может, должен, нужно) с пассивной конструкцией. Мы говорим о том, что можно, нужно или должно быть сделано с предметом или человеком.
Простая аналогия:
Актив: "Вы должны сделать домашнюю работу" (вы активно должны делать)
Пассив: "Домашняя работа должна быть сделана" (внимание на работе, а не на том, кто делает)
МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ + BE + V3
Где:
Пример преобразования:
Актив: You must finish the report.Пассив: The report must be finished.
После модальных глаголов ВСЕГДА идет инфинитив (базовая форма):
✅ You can do it.✅ He must go.✅ We should be careful.В пассиве: модальный глагол + be (инфинитив) + V3
The work can be done tomorrow.CAN / COULD / MAY / MIGHT
This task can be completed in one hour.The problem could be solved easily.The information may be changed later.The decision might be postponed.MUST / HAVE TO / NEED TO
All documents must be signed.The medicine has to be taken three times a day.The room needs to be cleaned.These papers must be returned by Friday.SHOULD / OUGHT TO
This book should be read by everyone.The instructions should be followed carefully.Such behavior ought not to be tolerated.The mistake should be corrected immediately.NOT ставится после модального глагола:
The door cannot be opened.The decision should not be made hastily.This information must not be shared with anyone.The machine doesn't have to be repaired today.Разница:
• must not — запрещено, нельзя
• don't have to — не обязательно
Модальный глагол выносится в начало:
Can this document be signed electronically?Should the window be closed?Must all applications be submitted by Friday?When can the results be announced?How should this problem be solved?COULD / MIGHT / SHOULD (уже в прошедшей форме):
The mistake could have been avoided.The accident might have been prevented.The work should have been finished yesterday.Формула для прошлого:
could/might/should + have been + V3
Обрати внимание: have been (не has been!) после could/might/should
Для других времен или большей формальности:
This problem will be able to be solved soon.The system has been able to be updated.We would be able to be helped by an expert.BE ALLOWED TO вместо MAY:
Photos are not allowed to be taken here.❌ It must is done immediately.✅ It must be done immediately.❌ The work can been finished today.✅ The work can be finished today.❌ He should are told the truth.✅ He should be told the truth.Запомни: После модальных глаголов BE всегда в инфинитиве!
❌ The letter must to be sent.✅ The letter must be sent.❌ The car have to be repaired.✅ The car has to be repaired.❌ You must not to be late.✅ You must not be late.Запомни: MUST + be + V3
HAVE TO/HAS TO + be + V3
Инструкции и правила:
All reports must be submitted by 5 PM.The equipment should be checked regularly.Personal data cannot be shared with third parties.Homework has to be done every day.This formula can be applied in different situations.Бытовые ситуации:
Medicines should be kept out of children's reach.The food must be stored in the refrigerator.This shirt can be washed at 30 degrees.The door needs to be locked at night.Such behavior ought not to be encouraged.
1. Формула: Модальный глагол + BE + V3 — запомни навсегда!
2. BE всегда в инфинитиве после модальных глаголов
3. Для прошедшего времени: could/might/should + have been + V3
4. Отрицание: модальный глагол + not + be + V3
5. Вопрос: модальный глагол + подлежащее + be + V3
6. HAVE TO/HAS TO тоже могут быть в пассиве
7. Не путай: must not (запрещено) vs don't have to (не обязательно)
8. Пассив с модальными глаголами звучит очень официально и профессионально